A Prospective Study on Drug Utilization Evaluation and Outcome Assessment in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

  • Kruthika T1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Carmelaram, Karnataka, INDIA.
  • M Supriya1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Carmelaram, Karnataka, INDIA.
  • Thriveni M1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Carmelaram, Karnataka, INDIA.
  • Roswin Babu1Department of Pharmacy Practice, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Carmelaram, Karnataka, INDIA.
  • Rajshree Ramsethu2Department of General Medicine, MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, Hosakote, Karnataka, INDIA.

Volume 60 Issue krupapharmacon Pages 305-311

DOI: 10.5530/ijper.krupapharmacon.47

Abstract

Background: In hospitalized patients, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is associated with worse outcomes and higher mortality, yet evidence on prescribing patterns and outcomes in resource‑limited settings is scarce. Objectives: To evaluate therapeutic outcomes, drug utilization patterns, and comorbidity burden in hospitalized AKI patients using KDIGO staging. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from February to August 2025 in the General Medicine and Nephrology departments of MVJ Medical College and Research Hospital, enrolling 78 adult AKI admissions. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and medication data were recorded; KDIGO stages were assigned, and outcomes were assessed at discharge. Results: The cohort was predominately male (60.3%) with >40 years of age representing the majority. KDIGO distribution was Stage 1 (43.6%), Stage 2 (24.4%), and Stage 3 (32.1%). Drug utilization was dominated by fluid therapy (89.7%), diuretics (55.1% -furosemide 46.2%) and antibiotics (51.3% - ceftriaxone 16.7%, piperacillin‑tazobactam 9%, ceftazidime 9%). Clinical outcomes showed complete renal recovery in 33.3% of patients, partial recovery in 61.5%, no recovery in 5.2%; ICU admission occurred in 23.1% and progression to chronic kidney disease in 5.1 %. Higher KDIGO stage correlated significantly with dialysis requirement (χ²=35.25, p<0.001) and poorer resolution (χ²=12.99, p=0.011). Conclusion: This study underscores the critical need to detect acute kidney injury promptly, to vigilantly oversee medication regimens, and to apply judicious drug‑use practices in order to improve patient outcomes. Moreover, there is a clear demand for extensive, multicenter investigations with extended observation periods to more thoroughly assess chronic renal sequelae and to formulate refined pharmacologic approaches for managing AKI in inpatient environments.

Keywords

  • Acute Kidney Injury
  • Clinical Outcomes
  • Comorbidities
  • Drug Utilization Evaluation
  • KDIGO staging
  • Pharmacotherapy
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