Analytical Characterization and in vitro Study of Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica)

Abstract

Objectives: The antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the Azadirachta indica (Neem), a member of the family Meliaceae is studied by the In vitro evaluation that is by phytochemical screening, α-amylase inhibition assay, DPPH and H₂O₂ assays. The neem leaves extract is also analysed by chromatographic methods like HPLC, TLC and FTIR. Materials and Methods: Neem leaves were dried and powdered for 300 g and macerated to obtain hygroscopic greenish leaves extract. The extract underwent phytochemical screening by TLC which confirmed the presence of quercetin. Antidiabetic activity of neem leaf conformed by α-amylase inhibition assay, and antioxidant activity evaluation by DPPH and H₂O₂. HPLC was performed to identify the percentage purity of the neem extract and FTIR performed to confirm the presence of specific compounds in the neem and aids for the antidiabetic activity. Results: Neem leaves hygroscopic greenish leaves extract confirmed the presence of phytochemical components. TLC confirmed the quercetin content with an RF value 0.46. In α-amylase inhibition, maximum enzyme inhibition was 77.77% at 500 µg/mL. DDPH maximum inhibition of 47.05% at 250 µg/mL, FTIR and HPLC conformed function groups and purity. Conclusion: Neem leaf has antidiabetic and antioxidant activity which is confirmed by performing TLC, HPLC, FTIR, H₂O₂ and α-amylase inhibition assay.