Exploring the Green Potential of Quercetin-Enhanced Strontium Oxide Nanoparticle Scaffold on Mesenchymal Stem Cells BMP-2 Expression

Abstract

Aim: The study aimed to create a scaffold infused with Quercetin-enhanced strontium oxide nanoparticles and assess its impact on BMP-2 expression in MSCs. Materials and Methods: Scaffold fabrication involved mixing 1% Hyaluronic acid, 0.5% carrageenan and 2% gelatin in a ratio of 6:1:3, adding 10 mg of quercetin-doped SrO nanoparticles and freezing at -20ºC for 12 hr and -80ºC for 24 hr. Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) cultured in DMEM F12 supplemented with 10% FBS were seeded onto the scaffolds treated with UV radiation. Osteogenic marker gene expression was analyzed using qPCR at 1, 3 and 5 days post-seeding, comparing control and test groups. The comparative Ct method was used to quantify gene expression using normalization of GAPDH. Experiments were conducted in triplicate and repeated thrice for reliability. Results: On Day 1, the control group showed a BMP-2 concentration of 5.8 ng/μL, decreasing slightly to 5.1 ng/μL by Day 3 and increasing to 9.6 ng/μL by Day 5. In contrast, the experimental group displayed a higher BMP-2 concentration of 7.4 ng/μL on Day 1, dropping to 0.3 ng/μL by Day 3, but significantly increasing to 27.3 ng/μL by Day 5. Conclusion: Combining green-synthesized strontium oxide nanoparticles with Quercetin enhances bone regeneration and differentiation, creating a microenvironment conducive to tissue repair. Quercetin's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties align with greener biomedical trends, promising to address bone defects and improve patient outcomes