Topical Chitosan-Based Nanogel of Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet) Extract against Bacterial Infections: Development, Characterization, Optimization and in vitro Studies

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

  • Gopal Prasad Agrawal1Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA.
  • Adil Abalkhail2Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Osama Abdulaziz3Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Lina Eltaib4Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Muhammad Irfan Siddique4Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Abdullah Rzgallah Alzahrani5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abidiyah, Makkah, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Abida Abida6Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA., 7Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Mohd Imran6Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA., 7Center for Health Research, Northern Border University, Arar, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Sherif Mohammed Shoeib8Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mansoura University, EGYPT.
  • Faez Falah Alshehri9Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Aldawadmi, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Zafer Saad Al Shehri9Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Aldawadmi, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Ahmed Farag Elkirdasy10Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, EGYPT.
  • Benson Mathai Kochikuzhyil11Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Joseph Mar Thoma Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kattanam, Pallickal Post, Alappuzha, Kerala, INDIA.

Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 982-994

DOI: 10.5530/ijper.20251041

Abstract

Background: Skin infections caused by bacterial pathogens pose a significant health concern, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic approaches. This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic efficacy of Filipendula ulmaria extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles against bacterial skin infections. Materials and Methods: The aerial part of the Filipendula ulmaria plant was extracted using the Soxhlet technique with water and methanol in a 70:30 v/v ratio. The resulting extract was utilized to formulate chitosan nanoparticles through the anionotropic gelation technique, which were subsequently incorporated into a gel matrix. The nanoparticles underwent comprehensive characterization for size, polydispersity index and entrapment efficiency percentage. Optimization was achieved using the Box-Behnken design, followed by in vitro-release testing. The nanogel underwent various analyses, including texture analysis, confocal laser scanning microscopy, dermatokinetic evaluation, stability assessment and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results: The formulated nanoparticles exhibited a size of 100.5 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.2965 and an entrapment efficiency of 84.5%. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model exhibited the best fit with a linear correlation coefficient of R²=0.95. Comparative analysis with the conventional drug (tetracycline) highlighted the superior dermatokinetic performance of the nanostructure on both epidermal and dermal skin layers, along with enhanced antioxidant scavenging activity. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) for inhibiting the growth of B. subtilis ranged from 9.07±0.53 to 16.88±0.51 and for E. coli ranged from 8.2±0.48 to 19.11±0.74, with the highest value observed for the 60 mg nanoformulation. Conclusion: The Filipendula ulmaria extract-loaded chitosan nanogel demonstrated potent efficacy against bacterial pathogens, suggesting its potential as a natural agent for the treatment of bacterial skin infections.

Keywords

  • Antibacterial
  • Chitosan
  • Dermatokinetics
  • Filipendula ulmaria
  • Nanogel
  • Nanoparticles
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