Chlorogenic Acid Functionalized Tin Oxide-Sodium Alginate Hybrid Nanomaterials Induce Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Breast Cancer MDA-MB-231 Cells

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

  • Shakila Baby1Department of Biochemistry, Vivekanandha College of Arts and Sciences for Women (Autonomous), Elayampalayam, Tiruchengode, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  • Nouf M. Alyami2Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Hossam M. Aljawdah2Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Sulaiman Ali Alharbi3Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Palanisamy Arulselvan4Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.
  • Saravana Kumar Jaganathan5School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Lincoln, London, UNITED KINGDOM.
  • Samer Hasan Hussein-Al-Ali6Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Isra University, Amman, JORDAN.
  • Bharathi Muruganantham7Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Bioinformatics, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, INDIA.

Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 757-766

DOI: 10.5530/ijper.20257391

Abstract

Background: Nanotechnology has emerged as a novel research area to address the several problems associated with existing cancer treatments. Objectives: The present work was focused on synthesizing and characterizing the tin oxide-sodium alginate-chlorogenic acid hybrid nanomaterials (SnO2-SA-CA HNMs) for enhanced anticancer effects against breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Materials and Methods: The synthesized SnO2-SA-CA HNMs were characterized using several methods, including UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Photoluminescence (PL) analyses. The MTT assay was done to assess the cytotoxicity of SnO2-SA-CA HNMs against MDA-MB-231 cells. The apoptotic cell death was analyzed by the dual staining assay. The oxidative stress parameter levels were analyzed using corresponding assay kits. Results: The results of the different characterization studies are confirmed the formation of metallic SnO2-SA-CA HNMs with an average size of 93 nm. The SnO2-SA-CA HNMs have a crystalline nature, clustered morphology and cuboidal structures. The existence of various functional groups and elements in the HNMs was also confirmed by the FT-IR and DLS analyses, respectively. The SnO2-SA-CA HNMs have demonstrated a substantial effect on inhibiting the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells. The dual staining result also proved the onset of apoptotic cell death in the HNMs-treated cells. The HNMs treatment effectively decreased the antioxidant level, thereby promoting oxidative stress. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that SnO2-SA-CA HNMs exhibit potential as a potential therapeutic candidate to treat breast cancer.

Keywords

  • Breast cancer
  • Nanomaterials
  • Apoptosis
  • Oxidative stress
  • Chlorogenic acid.
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