Cardamonin Lowers Intraocular Pressure and Inhibits Glaucoma Development in Steroid-Induced Rats by Activation of Nrf-2/Ho-1 Pathway

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

  • Yuan Fang1Department of Ophthalmology, XD Group Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, CHINA.
  • Li Meng2Department of Fundus disease, Xi'an Aier Ancient City Eye Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, CHINA.
  • Ruifen Zhang3Department of Corneal Ophthalmology, Xi'an Aier Ancient City Eye Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, CHINA.

Volume 59 Issue 2 Pages 695-703

DOI: 10.5530/ijper.20250444

Abstract

Background: Glaucoma, a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by optic nerve injury, is a pivotal cause of vision loss globally. Objectives: The current work focuses on assessing the therapeutic role of cardamonin against experimentally-induced glaucoma in rats. Materials and Methods: The experimental glaucoma in rats was induced by betamethasone, and then cardamonin was treated at 25 and 50 mg/kg concentrations. The Intraocular Pressure (IOP) level was assessed on a weekly basis. The glutamate and glutathione levels and the oxidative stress biomarker levels, including 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), and Malondialdehyde (MDA), were investigated using the commercial kits. The inflammatory markers and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) transcription factor/Hemoxygenase 1 (HO-1) levels were assessed using the commercial kits. Results: The present findings of this study highlighted that cardamonin successfully reduced the IOP levels and consequently increased the RGCs level in the glaucoma-induced rats. The inflammatory cytokines and oxidative biomarkers (MDA, 8-OH-dG, and 4-HNE) levels were successfully reduced by the cardamonin treatment in the glaucoma-induced rats. Furthermore, the cardamonin effectively activated the Nrf-2/ HO-1 cascade in the glaucoma-induced rats, thereby mitigating the progression of glaucoma development. Conclusion: The current findings showed that cardamonin treatment successfully reduced the development of steroid-induced glaucoma in rats. The findings of this work highlight that cardamonin could be a potentially effective option for the management of glaucoma.

Keywords

  • Glaucoma
  • Retinal Ganglial Cells
  • Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway
  • Inflammation
  • 4-Hydroxynonenal.
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