Evaluation of Antiparkinsonism Activity of Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen Leaf Extract in Haloperidol-Induced Parkinsonism in Swiss Albino Mice

Abstract

Background: Manilkara zapota, a plant with a rich history in traditional medicine, holds potential as a therapeutic agent. However, its neuroprotective properties remain largely unexplored, highlighting the need for further scientific research to understand its potential in this regard. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of Manilkara zapota ethanolic extract against haloperidol-induced Parkinsonism in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods: The M. zapota leaf powder was extracted using 70% ethanol, followed by a qualitative and quantitative investigation. In this study, the effects of extract at 200 and 400mg/kg (p.o.) against haloperidol in mice were assessed using various in vivo behavioural parameters including catalepsy, grid hang, horizontal bar, and parallel bar tests. Results: The qualitative analysis of ethanolic extract identified phenols, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, tannins, proteins, and saponins. Furthermore, the quantitative assessment indicated total flavonoid and phenol contents of 64.52 mg RTE/g and 17.6 mg GAE/g, respectively. The extract showed significant and dose-dependent enhancements in behavioural activity, motor function, muscle strength, and motor coordination. Moreover, its administration dose-dependently elevated antioxidant enzyme levels, such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in haloperidol-treated mice, suggesting its ability to alleviate oxidative stress. Additionally, the histopathological analysis indicated that ethanolic extract treatment restored normal architecture. Conclusion: These findings suggest that M. zapota extract has significant neuroprotective properties against haloperidol-induced Parkinsonism, possibly via its antioxidant properties. Further research is needed to understand its mechanisms and therapeutic potential for Parkinson's disease.