Spectral Characterization, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Cold Methanolic Extract of Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaves Growing in Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

  • Md Shamsher Alam1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Mohammed Albratty
  • Hassan Ahmed Hassan Ahmed2Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Centre, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Asim Najmi3Health Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA
  • Khalid Zoghebi4Unit of Medical Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Zia ur Rehman5Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Vinod Kumar Basode
  • Sivakumar S. Moni
  • Mohammad Firoz Alam6Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA
  • Waquar AhsanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA
  • Benson Mathai Kochikuzhyil7Department of Pharmacology, Dr. Joseph Mar Thoma Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kattanam, Alappuzha, Kerala, INDIA.

Volume 59 Issue 1 Pages 175-184

DOI: 10.5530/ijper.20250719

Abstract

Background: This study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and antibacterial properties of methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. leaves that were gathered from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Jazan province. Materials and Methods: The extract was examined using FTIR and GC-MS techniques, which revealed the presence of terpenes (53.14%), Linalool (24.5%), sulfoxides (4.19%), cinnamic acid (5.23%), fatty acid esters (1.45%) and phthalic acid esters (0.72%). Results: The extract contained significant levels of total phenolic compounds and demonstrated a DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 33.70%, which is considered to be good. The antibacterial activity spectrum of O. basilicum leaves' methanolic extract was found to be broader. The extract was tested against eight different bacteria strains, including S. cholestasis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. mirabilis, E. faecalis, and S. cholestasis. Conclusion: With an inhibition zone of 21 mm, S. aureus exhibited the highest level of antibacterial activity, whereas P. aeruginosa demonstrated the lowest value, with an inhibition zone of 15 mm. Nonetheless, the activity range was more constrained than that of regular ciprofloxacin discs.

Keywords

  • Ocimum basilicum
  • Sweet Basil
  • Ftir Spectroscopy
  • GC-MS
  • Antioxidant Activities
  • Antibacterial Activities
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