Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Canavalia rosea and its Antiproliferative Effect on MCF-7 Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

Aim: The generation of silver nanoparticles via a green synthesis approach with leaf and stem extracts of Canavalia rosea is our prime objective. Materials and Methods: The fabricated Nanoparticles (AgNPs) are interpreted by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), X-ray Diffraction method (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), UV spectroscopy and photoluminescence. GC-MS analysis revealed a single hit compound and eight hit compounds from the leaf and stem extracts. Also, the in silico molecular docking of these target compounds was performed with Caspase-9, TNF-alpha, HER-2 and ER-alpha receptor proteins to validate the best binding affinity poses. The ability of the target compounds from the leaf and stem extracts to bind to receptor proteins shows that they can stop cell growth, as shown by the higher binding energy values. Results: The XRD data affirms the peak formation at a 2θ value of 38.86º, which is attributed to the lattice plane at (111). FESEM images validate the shape and structure of leaf-AgNPs and stem-AgNPs, respectively, upon analysis. UV spectrophotometric analysis reveals the surface plasmon resonance peaks of AgNPs. Photoluminescence peaks were observed at 449 nm by the leaf-AgNPs and 449 nm and 504 nm by the stem-AgNPs were documented. The ABTS assay is performed to evaluate the antioxidant effect of AgNPs. Also, the antiproliferative effect of AgNPs was determined by MTT assay at several concentrations from 1.95 μg/mL to 250 μg/mL in the MCF-7 cancer cell line. Conclusion: The remarkable results suggest that AgNPs could be explored further as a therapeutic agent in pharmacological applications.