Effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Physical Therapies in Peripheral Arterial Disease with Intermittent Claudication: A Systematic Review

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

  • Mohammed Kanan Alshammari1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Khansa Hamza Hussain2Department of Cardiac Science, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Maali Ramadan Alshammari3Department of Pharmacy, Maternity and Children Hospital Rafah, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Hanan Haif Alshammari3Department of Pharmacy, Maternity and Children Hospital Rafah, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Hadeel Saad Althagafi4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Western Zone, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Hanan Rashad Bajunaid5Department of Community Pharmacy, Kol Alosra, Western Zone, Taif, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Bashayr Abdullah Alanzi3Department of Pharmacy, Maternity and Children Hospital Rafah, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Abdullah Ayed Alshammari6Department of Pharmacy, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Riyadh, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Abdulaziz Khalaf Alshammari7College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Hafar Al-Batin, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Mujtaba Abbas Jasim Aljasim8College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Yazeed Saud Alanizi9College of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha, SAUDI ARABIA
  • Wala’a Mohammed Al-Sulais10College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Ahad Aref Alsulays Nashi Dukhi Albaqami10College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAUDI ARABIA.

Volume 58 Issue 2s Pages s340-s353

DOI: 10.5530/ijper.58.2s.37

Abstract

Aim/Background: Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) affects the lower limbs. Globally there is a growing disease burden among the patients suffering from cardio-vascular disease and metabolic disorders. The purpose of this review is to generate evidence on the efficacy of CAM therapies in PAD. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was performed across the five electronic databases i.e. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Ovid SP, ISI Web of Science, Elsevier Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library as per the PRISMA guidelines from inception till April 2022. Results: After screening n=55,410 articles, n=77 articles were found to fulfill the eligibility criteria and were selected for this review. The nature of interventions investigated in the clinical trials were physical interventions including exercises of different forms, oral supplements, and other interventions such as chelation therapy, Tai Chi Chuan (TCC), Intermittent Mechanical Compression (IMC) device, connective tissue reflex massage, Remote Ischemic Preconditioning (RIC), Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and heat therapy. Upon final assessment, it was revealed that physical activity had a positive effect on peripheral arterial disease patients’ quality of life. In addition,Ginkgo biloba and nitrate supplements were found effective for Intermittent Claudication (IC) and PAD patients. Conclusion: This review suggests a positive impact of physical activity on peripheral arterial disease patients’ quality of life. Evidence also shows that Physical activity/ exercise-based intervention alone or in combination with the supplement is found to be effective among PAD patients and has shown significant results in intermittent claudication.

Keywords

  • Peripheral arterial disease
  • Complementary medicine
  • Alternative medicine
  • Review
  • Intermittent claudication
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