Insight into the Regulation of Nrf2/Keap 1 Pathway by Flavonoids as an Approach for Treatment of Liver Diseases: A Review

Abstract:

Around 10% of the world’s population suffers from liver disease, making it one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Flavonoids are a class of phenolic substituents present in a wide range of vegetables and fruit and have been identified to control the Nrf2 pathway. Therefore, flavonoids are attracting significance as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease. The main objective of this review discuss the role of flavonoids modulate Nrf2 for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. It has been investigated in relation to several liver illnesses like alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis, and fibrosis. Flavonoid is among the most widely investigated herbal supplements for preventing and diagnosing liver illness. By triggering the normal ARE target affinity site, Nrf2 encourages the production of metabolic enzymes. It can also enhance the antioxidant and inflammation response and play a significant role in the illness. Oxidative stress play an important role in the pathophysiological changes of liver diseases. Nrf2 is known to participate in hepatic fatty acid metabolism, as a negative regulator of genes that promote liver disease. Nrf2 increases the gene regulation of Heme oxygenase-1 and NQO-1 which initiates an anti-inflammatory response, improves mitochondrial function, and reduces oxidative stress. Nrf2 activated LXR-α activity and LXR-α dependent hepatic steatosis and helps in the regulation of VLDLR in liver disease. This review may stimulate the scientific world to examine flavonoids to develop innovative and effective medications with hepatoprotective effects via altering the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Keywords: Nrf2, Liver, Flavonoids, Antioxidant, Hepatic disease, Keap1.