A Comprehensive Review on Outcome Based Education Framework (OBE) for Implementation in Indian Pharmacy Institutes

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research

  • Helvinder Kaur1Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, MALAYSIA.
  • Farheen Sami2School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, CT University, Ferozepur Rd, Sidhwan Khurd, Punjab, INDIA.
  • Sheikh Murtuja3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, INDIA.
  • Nadeem Hasan4Department of Pharmaceutics, MAM College of Pharmacy, P&T Colony, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, INDIA.
  • Arun Kumar5Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Brain Research, Gurugram University, Gurugram, Haryana, INDIA.
  • Rajesh Sreedharan Nair6School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, MALAYSIA.
  • Md Sajid Ali7Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, SAUDI ARABIA.
  • Neeraj Kumar Fuloria8Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, Jalan Bedong Semeling Kedah, MALAYSIA.
  • Shahnaz Majeed9Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Perak, MALAYSIA.
  • M Saquib Hasnain10Palamu Institute of Pharmacy, Chianki, Daltonganj, Jharkhand, INDIA.
  • Mohammed Tahir Ansari11Leicester School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Gateway House, Leicester LE1 9BH, UNITED KINGDOM.

Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 1379-1393

DOI: 10.5530/ijper.20261641

Abstract

Introduction: There has been a substantial paradigm shift in pharmacy education towards Outcomes-Based Education (OBE), which emphasizes the acquisition of industrial based competencies and skills among the graduates. Objectives: This review discusses the framework of an OBE, which will ensure redesigning of the teaching practices based on the industrial requirement and will create an opportunity for universities in India to produce marketable graduates. Materials and Methods: A total of 218 papers were identified, and 135 were utilized to compile the review paper. The research studies included in this process were those which contained at least three selected keywords. Any papers that did not correspond to these keywords were excluded from the review process. The study was conducted from March, 2023 to June 2024. Results and Discussion: The review highlights significant disparities between the current state of pharmacy education and the expectations of the industry, particularly in the areas of practical skills and employability. The review recommends the implementation of an OBE framework that includes well-defined Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) and Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) to align educational outcomes with the demands of the industry. Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) will ensure that the curriculum is regularly updated based on stakeholder feedback to enhance the level of competency among students in critical thinking, problem-solving, and practical application. Conclusion: This review offers a comprehensive framework for a possible implementation of OBE in Indian pharmacy universities and institutes, with the objective of aligning with industry needs and enhancing global competitiveness.

Keywords

  • Outcome Based Education (OBE)
  • Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
  • Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
  • Course Learning Outcomes (PLOs)
  • Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)
  • Blooms taxonomy
IJOPP

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