Binary Solvent-assisted Graphene Synthesis by Direct Exfoliation of Graphite Powder and its Cytotoxicity on SiHa Cell Line

Abstract:

A cost-effective mass production of pristine graphene nanosheet is still an important challenge to harness its maximum potential in medical sciences. Here, we have used a binary solvent mixture of low dielectric constant (1,2,4- trichlorobenzene,ε = 2.24 and benzylamine,ε = 4.6) to produce a high quantity (0.6 mg/ml) of graphene under ultrasonication without compromising its quality. Obtained sample were characterized through XRD, UV-Vis, Raman, FT-IR, TEM-SAED, and cytopotency was evaluated on SiHa cell line. I_G/I2_D < 1.0 (~ 0.39) was achieved on more than 250 μm² area, indicating the uniformity and obtained I_D/I_G ratio was 1.21. No toxicity was found in the case of 24 hr on the SiHa cell line. EC₅₀ computation was 84.90 μg /ml for 48 hr and 62.03 μg /ml for 72 hr. Exfoliated graphene remained stable in binary solvent even after 1 year. The proposed experiment and obtained data can be powerful tools to explore the synergic effect of binary solvent exfoliation in combination to establish graphene as a biomaterial for neuronal network, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and regenerative medicines, to name a few.

Keywords: Graphene, Nanosheet, Cytotoxicity, SiHa Cell line, Biomaterial.