Hibiscus plantinifolius Ameliorates Renal Oxidative Damage Induced by Gentamicin in Rats: By Targeting Membrane Bound enzymes

Abstract:

Objective: Present study evaluates the effect of Hibiscus plantinifolius leaves on kidney function in rats using gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic animal model. Material and Methods: Hibiscus plantinifolius leaves powder was extracted with 95% methanol and performed phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity was determined by Superoxide anion scavenging, Hydrogen peroxide-scavenging, 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, Fe²⁺ascorbate induced lipid peroxidation methods. Acute toxicity was studied as per OECD 423 guidelines. A total 30 male rats weighing about 150- 180 gm were taken and after acute toxicity studies three different doses (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg bd.wt) were selected. The rats were divided into five groups; first group was kept as control (Sodium CMC), Second as toxic control (Gentamicin 100 mg/kg bd.wt.) and remain groups as test I, test II and test III given selected doses of methanolic extract of Hibiscus plantinifolius leaves. After 15 days of treatment, serum was separated and subjected for estimation of creatinine, BUN, uric acid, urea, total proteins, minerals (Na⁺ and K⁺), collected urine for estimation of minerals (Na⁺ and K⁺), kidney homogenate supernatant used for determination of antioxidants like SOD, GSH, MDA membrane and bound enzyme function such as H⁺ATPase, Na⁺/K⁺ATPase, Ca2⁺ATPase, Mg2+ ATPase, Total ATPase. Further histopathological studies were also performed. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed that presence of flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycosides, fixed oils, fats, tannins, phenolic compounds and alkaloids. Extract was showed significant neutralize free radicals of DPPH, OH*, SO*, Fe2+ LPO * with IC₅₀ 350 μg/ml, 900 μg/ml, 780 μg/ml and 580 μg/ml respectively. Acute toxicity studies results revealed extract has no toxicity (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg). MEHP showed a significant (*P< 0.05) decrease creatinine, BUN, uric acid, urea, total proteins, Na⁺(**P<0.01), K+(**P<0.01), significant increase urinary Na⁺ (**P<0.01), K+ (**P<0.01), significant (*P< 0.05) increase H⁺ATPase, Na⁺/K⁺ATPase, Ca2⁺ATPase, Mg2⁺ ATPase, Total ATPase when compared to gentamicin treated rats. Conclusion: In the current work, Methanolic extract of Hibiscus plantinifolius leaves demonstrated nephroprotective activity against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. The mechanism of protection may be due to augmentation of cellular antioxidants and also improve membrane bound enzyme activity.

Key words: Methanolic extract of Hibiscus plantinifolius (MEHP), Gentamicin, Membrane bound enzymes, Antioxidants.